Vindaloo : A Very Misunderstood Curry

In the UK, 'having a Vindaloo' conjures up visions of inebriated Friday nights.  Of beer swilling blokes downing ten pints before bundling into their local curry house.  And then drunkenly making their selections from a standard anglo-Indian menu whilst competing to see who can eat the hottest curry - inevitably a 'Vindaloo'.  You see, the Vindaloo is perceived as being at the top end of the chilli scale.  At the bottom end of the scale is the Korma - creamy and mild (generally eaten by curry 'wimps'). If you can manage something with a little more flavour, then the tomato based Chicken Tikka Masala is the dish for you (and we all know Chicken Tikka Masala was actually invented by the Brits). Those with a bit more curry muscle will choose the spicier Madras.  All but the bravest will avoid the Vindaloo, a staple of British curry house menus, which is sure to blow the hair off your head and make your next toilet experience rather uncomfortable.  

Sadly, this is a misunderstood curry for those less in the know - who think that curry is all about the heat - and not all about the flavour.  But an authentic Vindaloo - as eaten here in India -  is in fact the complete opposite of that.  Sure, it's spicy but the heat is completely manageable and it has a depth of flavour that makes it much more interesting to the curry connoisseur.  And the warmth comes not just from chilli - but from cloves, peppercorns and other spices in the masala.

Pork Vindaloo - a Goan Delight

What you may not know is that Vindaloo is a actually a dish emanating from Goa (and popular in Mumbai) and therefore has its roots in Portugal (the Portuguese colonised Goa).  The word Vindaloo is derived from the Portuguese dish "carne de vinha d'alhos' which consists of meat (usually pork), wine (vinha) and garlic (alhos). The dish was modified by the Goans by substituting the wine to vinegar and by adding chillies and spices. Firstly, the pork is marinated overnight in the vinegar and spices and then cooked the next day with green chilli, tomato, onion, garlic and ginger. The vinegar and a little brown sugar which is added at the end, lends a 'sweet and sour' taste to the dish which is completely different from the kind of vindaloo you will find in a UK curry house!  Really delicious.

Want to give an authentic recipe a go?  Then try this out:

(Note: this dish requires a bit more preparation than my usual recipes.  You will need to grind the spices for the masala and marinate the meat for at least three hours prior to cooking)

Pork Vindaloo

Preparation time 3.5 hours

Cooking time 1 hour

Ingredients:

800g pork shoulder

4 tbsp clear vinegar (white wine etc)

1 tbsp dark vinegar (red wine - I used balsamic as that's all I had)

2 medium onions, finely sliced

1 tsp salt

10 cloves garlic, finely sliced

2 inch ginger, cut into very fine strips

3 ripe tomatoes

1 tsp red chilli powder

4 green chillies, chopped (I used two to be on the safe side!)

4 tbsp vegetable oil

250 ml water

1 tsp jaggery or brown sugar

For the masala (spice mix):

6 cardamon pods

1 tsp black peppercorns

4 dried red chillies (I used a teaspoon chilli flakes)

6 cloves

2 inch cinnamon stick

1 tsp cumin seeds

1/2 tsp turmeric powder

1/2 tsp coriander seeds

1/2 tsp fenugreek seeds

1. Clean and trim the excess fat off the pork shoulder and cut into inch cubes.  Split open the cardamom pods and remove all the seeds
2. Finely grind all the masala (spice mix) ingredients in a clean coffee grinder or mortar and pestle
3. Mix the ground spices with the two vinegars in a mixing bowl, add the pork and rub in thoroughly to coat well.  Keep the marinated meat in the fridge for 3 hours or overnight - as I ended up doing.
4. Heat the oil in a heavy bottomed pan or kadai (see below) with a tight fitting lid.  Add the onions and fry until golden brown over a low heat.
5. Add the garlic, ginger, tomato, chilli powder and green chillies and stir well. Increase the heat and add the pork - stir frying over a high heat until the meat is browned.
6. Add salt, water and any leftover marinade. Reduce the heat and slowly bring it back to the boil.
7. Add the jaggery/sugar, cover and simmer for about 45 minutes to an hour until the meat is very tender. Season with salt.
8. Serve hot with steamed rice.

Grind the spices for the masala mix.  Mr Jules is very good with a mortar and pestle.

Trim off any excess fat and chop up the pork into into one inch cubes.  I have in fact left a little fat on as it makes the dish juicier.

Add the spice mix to the light and dark vinegars

Massage in the marinade and then refrigerate for at least 3 hours

Get your next ingredients ready - tomatoes, ginger, green chilli, garlic and onion (I used three small onions instead of two medium as that's what we had in!)

This is an Indian Kadai - a heavy based pan that looks like a wok.  I bought this one from Pali Market.
This pan is what lends the name to Chicken Karai, Kadai or Karahi- another staple of British curry menus.

I chopped my onions and garlic in a mini-chopper to save time and tears - fry off in 4 tablespoons of oil.

Add tomatoes, ginger and chilli to the onion/garlic.  

Add the pork and and stir fry until browned.  Actually, my karai wasn't big enough in the end, so I had to transfer the whole lot to a big saucepan!

Add 250 mls water and salt - the curry looks so unattractive at this point....

...but after an hour or so of cooking...it looks like this. Those are slivers of ginger that you can see.

Serve with steamed basmati rice...Bon Appetit!

Learning to Cook Mughlai Style

I don't know whether it is because of the monsoon, but my mind has been turning to the subject of food rather a lot as of late. It is hard to get out and about and explore the city during such heavy rain. Perhaps that is why I am more inclined to stay in with a recipe book and plan dinner - or go and learn to cook Indian food first, then plan dinner.

I had been trying to find a class for quite a while. I had emailed a couple of schools purporting to teach Indian cooking - but as is typical - received no response whatsoever. Poor marketing and poor customer service really do go hand-in-hand in India and it disappoints me that these companies can afford to turn down such valuable business.

Murg Do Piazza (Chicken with Two Types of Onion) simmering nicely on the hob

Not so with FoodWhizz cookery school - which I happened upon via a learning portal. Their website is modern, simple and informative - listing out a number of interesting looking alternatives. One of which was 'Mughlai I' (there is also Mughlai II and Mughlai III). Ideal. I emailed them and swiftly got a reply offering me date and time options. Then I rounded up the troops, and booked a class for three of us.

Within a week we had already pitched up at a homely looking bungalow in Goregaon East - right on the border of Sanjay Gandhi National Park. Chef Shwetambari (or 'Shweta') greeted us personally and sat us down in her sitting room. As we were thirty minutes early, the four of us chatted together about her background, family and training. She certainly had plenty of interesting tales to share! We were also introduced to her sister Priyanka. Priyanka is a lawyer by profession but also runs the customer care and marketing side of the business - and very efficiently so may I add. We were handed a set of neatly presented cooking instructions - which would form the basis for our three hour session. On today's schedule - Chicken Korma, Chicken Do Piazza (Do Piazza = 'Two Types of Onion'), Butter Chicken (Murgh Makhani), Lamb Rogan Josh, Chicken Shahi (with cashews) and Jeera (Cumin) rice. Quite a lot to squeeze into three hours I thought to myself!

Adding colourful spices to a yogurt, cashew and coconut paste for Chicken Shahi

Mughlai cooking is all about richness - dishes that contain expensive ingredients such as cream and nuts and are therefore fit for Indian Royalty. The cuisine was developed in the imperial kitchens of the Mughul empire and is a cooking style representative of North India - especially Rajasthan. Mughlai cooking also tends to be a bit milder than a lot of regional Indian cuisine. Which would explain why dishes - such as Korma, Do Piazza, Butter Chicken and Rogan Josh - are commonly found on British Indian restaurant menus. And of course it contains the meat that we are all so fond of when so much Indian cooking is vegetarian or fish-centric.

Once the kitchen had been prepared by Shweta's assistant Sudhir (a boy who proved to be most proficient at finely slicing onions and tomatoes!), Shweta proceeded to demonstrate the art of marinating. Most of our dishes required the meat to bathe in yoghurt (dahi) mixed with various spices for at least 10 minutes - to tenderise the chicken/mutton and let it be infused with the flavours. It was fascinating to see the repertoire of spices held in a standard kitchen cupboard and how different amounts and variations can substantially alter the taste of the dish.

Marinating mutton in yoghurt (curds/dahi) for the Rogan Josh. Note that most meat is cooked on the bone here in India - the bone adds flavour and richness to the sauces but can be fiddly to eat.

In terms of equipment, only a few basics are required in the Indian kitchen: a food processor or mini-chopper (especially good for mincing ginger and garlic), a mortar and pestle (for freshly grinding our Mughlai spices), a pressure cooker (tenderises and cooks the meat much quicker and also liquifies down the onions into the sauce), a Kadai (an Indian wok), and a couple of basic pans. You also need lots of spoons and a spatula for getting every last drop out of the blender.

Frying off some of the whole spices such as mace, black and green cardamon and cinnamon
- infusing the oil with pure flavour

Despite our recipe cards with all the measures dictated - Chef Shwetambari added the spices by feel alone. I would love to be able to do this but I am a bit textbook when it comes to cooking. It was also interesting to see some of the spices and ingredients that are not so commonly found on British supermarket shelves - such as black cardamon; mace in whole form; whole fenugreek leaves (methi) and the red food dye that gives so many Indian dishes that wonderful rich colour. We also were shown a flavouring called 'Kewra' - which is the essence of screw-pine and is added to Korma as a final step. Only when we tasted the final article, did we appreciate how 'Kewra' makes a dish truly authentic and standout.

One of the troops adding spices to the Rogan Josh.

As I mentioned before, using a pressure cooker helps the onions to emulsify and disappear into the sauce during pressure cooking - I always wondered how this was done. I have cooked a lot of curry myself at home but somehow, it never tastes or looks restaurant quality. Through this class, I definitely picked up some hints and tricks for authentic Indian cooking and pressure cooking seems to be a necessity. I guess it will also help you to cook very quickly!

On the face of it, the recipes had many of their ingredients in common with each other, appearing quite similar. All the dishes contained dahi/yoghurt, all had onions, ginger and garlic and most had cardamom, cumin, cinnamon and garam masala. But the order in which the ingredients are added, the amounts which are added and whether the yoghurt is first used for marinating or added later to enrich the sauce all make a huge difference to the end result. And you must also understand the subtle differences. For example, it is important to use Kashmiri Chilli Powder, or it is important to use Mughlai Garam Masala....or it is necessary to fry off some Mustard Seed Oil to release the right aroma. You can't go using any old store cupboard variations if you want the proper flavour.

Below: some of the dishes during cooking: An unusually dark coloured Chicken Korma; Murgh Makhani (butter chicken), and Shahi Murgh (chicken with cashews and looks more like the Korma we know).

After three hours of solid demonstration by Shweta and a bit of participation by us (chopping onions, adding spices and stirring), we were finally treated to a tasting session. Which was just as well as it was lunchtime! Oh my god, I was totally blown away by the dishes - the subtle aromas and flavours, the textures, the varying chilli heat and degrees of creaminess. AMAZING! If I can come near to recreating any of these curries so beautifully back home, I will be very pleased with myself. Fodder for a future blog methinks....watch this space!

Thanks to Chef Shwetambari and Priyanka (and the kitchen boy) for making our first foray into 'professional' Indian cooking so enjoyable and interesting. We each paid 2,400 Rs for a three hour session which included the ingredients, recipe cards, bottled water and tasting session. And if you can't stand the Mumbai heat, then get out of the kitchen!

Find FoodWhizz Cookery School here or on Facebook

Chef Shwetambari recommends the 'Taste of India' (I & II) for total newbies. Mughlai cookery, we are informed, is more for special occasions although I personally, can eat it any time!

The Troops getting busy on the stove